In the emergency room of a local hospital, the medical staff noted that the woman's heart rate and blood pressure were high, and that she had also developed foot clonus, involuntary muscle spasms that cause a person's foot to flex. The woman's symptoms were characteristic of serotonin toxicity, a drug reaction that occurs when levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are too high. After the woman was given medication for serotonin toxicity and spent a few days at the hospital, her symptoms subsided and she eventually recovered.
Robert Hendrickson, one of the authors of the case report.
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However, previous studies on people and animals have shown that Garcinia cambogia may, indeed, increase serotonin levels. And taking the supplement in combination with antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs , which also cause serotonin levels to rise, could lead to serotonin toxicity, said Hendrickson, a toxicologist at the Department of Emergency Medicine of Oregon Health and Sciences University. Hendrickson added that, based on the animal and human data suggesting both SSRIs and Garcinia increase serotonin levels, he recommends that people who are taking an SSRI not use Garcinia , at least until further research is done.
Garcinia cambogia , also known as tamarind, is a small, pumpkin-shaped fruit, and diet supplements made from it are touted for helping people lose weight. However, researchers have so far found only mixed results when looking at whether the supplement really helps weight loss. And one study in rats suggested that extremely high doses of Garcinia may cause testicular atrophy, and toxicity.
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The woman in the case report had been previously diagnosed with serotonin toxicity while she was taking a different kind of antidepressant. At that time, she had also been taking Garcinia for a month or two, but she didn't tell the doctor who prescribed her antidepressant that she had also been taking the weight-loss supplement , Hendrickson said. Therefore, her doctor attributed her first case of serotonin toxicity to her first antidepressant, and switched her to another one. The researchers said they cannot be absolutely sure that it was, indeed, the use of Garcinia that caused the patient to develop serotonin toxicity.
However, good results in test tubes don't always translate to an entire person.
Some studies say HCA works, and some say it doesn't. Animal studies of HCA showed that mice taking the substance ate less, lost weight and produced less fat from sugar.
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Human studies had more conflicting results. One weight loss trial showed no difference between people who took Garcinia cambogia and those who took a placebo pill. Other trials linked HCA to weight loss and healthy blood lipid levels lipids are fats. If a pharmaceutical company wanted to sell HCA as a drug, the company would have to find stronger evidence that the substance worked, coming from better-designed clinical trials.
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Without that data, HCA wouldn't pass U. Food and Drug Administration approval, Ulbricht said. But the FDA doesn't put chemicals sold as nutritional supplements under the same burden of proof as pharmaceuticals.
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In fact, supplement makers only have to make their products safe to eat and responsibly label them. Also, recent laboratory tests showed that most supplements sold online contain substantially less HCA than the label claims.
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Despite the popularity of Garcinia cambogia , it is difficult to track how effective supplements containing it are. That makes it difficult to compare one brand to another or even to measure the effects of a single brand. People may safely eat the fruit, of course. And clinical trials have shown it's safe to take Garcinia cambogia extract by mouth — at least for 12 weeks, the length of the studies.
But take caution. Garcinia cambogia has side effects — it may lower a person's blood sugar , so it can interact with diabetes treatments.
The fruit hasn't been adequately studied in pregnant women or women who breastfeed.