This process was repeated four times for proper extraction of kolaviron active component of G. Kola with the aid of chloroform. The chloroform fraction was collected and concentrated using a rotary evaporator, it was set at 40? The crude chloroform fraction was further concentrated in a vacuum oven at 40? After weighing 2g of G. Kola with electronic balance, the substance was then homogenized in pestle and mortar using 10ml of distilled water, and then filtered with Wattmann filter paper.
Graded doses of G.
About 1g, 2g, 3g and 0. The body weights of the animals were then taken and the dose of test drugs in millilitre to be administered was calculated. The rats in the treatment groups received calculated doses of G. This was achieved through the use of orogastric tube, while the control rats received equal volume of distilled water through the same route and for the same period. At the end of the twenty first day, the animals were euthanized by cervical decapitation and blood samples were collected from the superior vena cava.
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The sample was centrifuged at rpm for 15minutes and the sera collected were stored frozen. The animals were dissected and the ovaries were removed, cleared of adherent tissues and weighed immediately using an electronic weighing balance. Of each animal euthanized, one Ovary was used for histological studies while the other Ovary was homogenized in mM Phosphate buffer pH 7.
The different serum samples from the experimental animals were collected using a 2ml syringe. For each group, the obtained serum was centrifuged at rpm for 5 minutes with the aid of a centrifuge. The clear supernatants were collected using a micropipette and transferred into an empty specimen container and refrigerated till needed for the assays.
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Serum SOD activities were determined by the method of Drury et al. An aliquot 0. The reaction was then initiated by the addition of 0.
The reference cuvette contained 5ml of the carbonate buffer, 0. The increase in absorbance at nm due to the adenochrome formed was monitored every 30 seconds for l20 seconds. It was allowed to equilibrate before adding adrenaline solution and read immediately after addition of 0. Take absorbance at nm. The method of Cohen et al. Aliquots of the homogenate supernatant 0. The reaction was initiated by adding sequentially, at fixed interval, 5ml of cold 30mM hydrogen peroxide and was mixed thoroughly by inversion.
The test samples and the blank were taken one at a time, and 7ml of 0. It was read within seconds. The spectrophotometer standard was prepared by adding 7ml of 0. The spectrophotometer was zeroed with distilled water and the activity of the enzyme was estimated. The contents were boiled for 15 minutes, cooled and centrifuged at 10,g to remove precipitate.
The absorbance was read at nm and the malonyldialdehyde concentration of the sample was calculated using extinction coefficient of 1. The graphical summary of the observation on the selected oxidative stress parameters on the serum were presented. Many people, mostly from developing countries now depend on herbal medicine for health care, possibly because standard treatments modalities are becoming more expensive and often carry severe side effects.
It is now urgent that options in folklore medicine for the management of diseases should be investigated. Garcinia kola is one of such natural products involved in the treatment of several diseases.
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Some pharmacological tests carried out on the plant for its antimalarial, anti-trypanosomal, anti-asthmatic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-candida infections, cardio-protective, gastro-protective, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities; its clinical effects in knee osteoarthritis and on the reproductive function, against oral cavity infections and intraocular pressure, revealed positive results without significant adverse side effects.
Current study investigated the effects of G. Kola extract on the Female reproductive system, using Wistar rats as experimental model. Results from this study reveals a reduction in the ovary weight of female wistar rats fed with aqueous extract of G. Kola when compared to control group. In figure 1, the body weight showed a relative body weight loss but not statistically significant when compared to initial body weight and final body weight of the control group A 9.
This is indicative that prolonged administration of aqueous extract of G. Similar effect was observed with the body weight, relative organ weight of the ovary Figures were control group had 1. Both acute and chronic G. This finding concurs with the results from figure I of the current study.
Figure 1: Effects of Garcinia Kola extract on body weights. Figure 1 above shows the changes body weight of female wistar rats administered with graded doses of aqueous extract of G. Here, was observed that decreased doses of G. This decrease in body weight was however reversed in a dose dependent manner following administration of graded dose of G.
Kola extract. These changes in body weight change were statistically significant. Figure 2: Comparative effects of graded doses of G. Kola on female wistar rats over a period of time. Figure 3: Comparative effects of graded doses of G. Figure 3 shows changes in serum catalase CAT activity of G. Kola treated rats at graded doses. Findings from this experiment revealed a statistically significant decrease in serum CAT activities across groups as compared with control.
Figure 4: Comparative effects of graded doses of G. Kola rats treated with graded dose. Subsequent administration of G. Kola also induced minimal effect in the MDA level of rats. Another independent study had suggested that in humans, oxidative stress linked with diabetes mellitus can be possibly reduced by the administration of G.
Iranloye et al.
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In this study, lipid peroxidation as designated by significant increase in MDA levels of treated animals. MDA, a lipid peroxidation product and marker of oxidative stress significantly decreased to show the efficacy of G. Other researchers have reported that G. Diabetic patients who generally have been described as having excessive high levels of oxidative stress.
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It has also been reported that there are increase in lipid peroxidation products in diabetic subjects with vascular complications [9]. Some authors have shown that high levels of glucose in blood may be linked with the presence of oxidative stress which is reflected by the increase of intracellular lipoperoxide [11]. Serum MDA activities are higher in patients newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and its concentration is raised in poorly regulated type 2 diabetic patients.
The serum MDA concentrations in controls, altered over the two weeks period was significantly lower than those of the G.